Why we see the angle of hydrogen molecular exactly 104.5 degree to make water combined with oxygen? Is that because the oxygen atom is surrounded by four pairs of two electrons – two pairs are not associated with any other atoms, the “lone pairs”, and two are associated to the two hydrogen atoms. Since the electrons are all negative, they repel each other. Therefore, the four pairs tend to put as much distance from one another as possible.
If you attempt to place four points on a sphere as far from each other as you can, you end up with around 109 degrees between them. But because the lone pairs are only associated to the oxygen atom, whereas the two other pairs are associated to both the hydrogen and the oxygen atom, the lone pairs are a bit closer to the oxygen atoms. They therefor occupy a slightly larger part of the oxygen atoms, pushing the two pairs of electrons associated with hydrogen a little together, so they are only 104.5 degrees, rather than 109.
I discovered that so amazingly the Bible talk about this in Psalm 104:5 =”He makes the winds His messengers, Flaming fire His ministers. He established the earth upon its foundations, So that it will not totter forever and ever. You covered it with the deep as with a garment; The waters were standing above the mountains. ( God mentioned the water ) H2O IN THE BIBLE 104,5 PSALM , same as the angle of the hydrogen from each other 104.5 . I also found that H2SO4 which is sulfuric acid as we know has bond angle of 109.5 , and when we read Psalm 109.5, I found that God talking about the Devil ( They repay me evil for good, and hatred for my friendship ) , the devil always associated with fire and sulfur . The Methan gas also has bond angle 109.5 . Methane CH4 is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas, that is widely distributed in nature. Methane Gas is produced whenever organic material is decomposed by bacterial action in the absence of oxygen , and it gives very bad smell when it contains a mix of Hydrogen sulfide. ” Revelation 19;20.
But the beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who had performed the signs on its behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped its image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.’
Is God great or what?
The sun has been producing light for about five billion years but where does all its energy come from? The most common idea is that the sun is burning gas ,like a giant fireball in the sky. If this were true, the sun would have gone out long ago. So how is the sun actually fueling itself? It is converting its own mass into energy. By combining protons (the nucleus of hydrogen) into helium, it squeezes some mass into energy – 4.3 billion kg per second. It is Einstein’s famous E=mc^2 which gives us the quantitative relationship between mass and energy, where c is the speed of light.
We have been taught that the Sun gets its energy from nuclear fusion. Briefly, four atoms of hydrogen fuse to form one atom of helium. Since the mass of a helium atom is slightly less than that of four hydrogen atoms put together, the deficit manifests itself as energy.
Its difficult to answer this question without taking on an whole constellation of myth to do with the make-up of galaxies, and the composition of our own sun.
Supposedly what we have been taught is right , and our sun came together from Hydrogen, under the power of gravity. I think there is no way, that hydrogen gas in space will coalesce. Hydrogen gas will disperse in space. And never has there been evidence for the idea that the sun is made up predominantly of hydrogen, nor could any such body have gotten to be that way under the force of gravity alone. No sample was taken from the sun.
Fusion as observed in nature happens in relatively low-pressure environments and not necessarily at high temperatures.
One clear example is with the production of Carbon 14 in the atmosphere. This is produced by fusion using a neutron and a standard Nitrogen atom. This happens in a cool low-pressure environment. Another is the production of isotopes in comets. Here we see fusion in such a way as to produce water molecules with extra neutrons in both their hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
I think that the fusion in the sun is known to be going near the sun. Such fusion as we know about in the sun is going on near the photosphere. Not in any way a situation of high pressure. Likely because of the success of the fusion itself. The high temperature is a result of the fusion going on and ought not be considered necessary to the fusion process itself.
We know that the bulk of the suns energy, that arrives to earth, is generated above or near the photosphere. NOT at the core of the sun as is irrationally believed by the usual publications. The reason we know this is that the corona is hotter than the photosphere and beneath the photosphere is cooler as well. I think its a form of fusion that is going on there. But I think its a form of fusion involving electrical potential differences, and not this crude high-pressure, high-velocity sort of fusion that the researchers always emphasizes.
The more massive a gas is, the slower it effuses. The relationship is given byGraham’s Law. , where M is the molar mass of a gas molecule. As an example, assume there are two identical containers with holes. Container A has hydrogen gas (M=2 g/mol) and Container B has helium gas (M=4 g/mol). If the hydrogen gas effuses at a rate of 4 mol/hr, the helium gas would effuse at a slower rate (being heavier). Using Graham’s Law, we can see that it would effuse at a rate of about 2.8 mol/hr. Graham’s Law can be used to approximate diffusion. However, diffusion involves two or more gases interacting with each other, so the equation is not accurate. It is wrong.
I believe strongly that the sun and the stars has another lighter gas , super light gas doing the work. the school teach us that Hydrogen is the commonest element in the universe and the lightest gas. It does not exist in the Earth’s atmosphere because it is light enough to be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field, but it is present in water and all organic compounds so is present in every part of all living things. I think This is not completely correct , It is not the hydrogen.
Hydrogen is the lightest atom , however it is not only atoms that can exist in gaseous form! The lightest gas would be some kind of subatomic gaseous particle (weightless particles such as photons would be excluded due to the fact they travel at the speed of light).May be an electron clouds, however there are many particles lighter than the electron that could exist in a gaseous state in theory, Muons for example. so I conclude that the researcher should and must look for another gas form that is lighter than hydrogen , super light and I can call it Muonogen. or Hydrolium. It is not enough to think that one proton need it for one electron to circle around it , It could be positron and negatron / and other sub particles turnaround each other in gas form.
On Earth, most naturally occurring muons are created by quasars and supernovas, which consist mostly of protons, many arriving from deep space at very high energy. “It seems natural to modify the theory of Heisenberg and Fermi in the following way. The transition of a heavy particle from neutron state to proton state is not always accompanied by the emission of light particles. The transition is sometimes taken up by another heavy particle.”
We know that Radon is the heaviest gas. Osmium is the heaviest metal. Lithium is the lightest metal. Nitrogen is most found and abundant in the atmosphere .Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the universe and the lightest so far ,as we have been taught then come helium gas . The most abundant element in earth is Oxygen. and Aluminum is the most abundant metal in earth crust.Something missing here .
Gaseous hydrogen and helium are lighter than air. Hydrogen, helium and air are close approximations to ideal gases, and for an ideal gas the volume of one mole of gas is about 22.4 litres. That means the density of an ideal gas is proportional to its molecular weight, so hydrogen (Mw=2) and helium (Mw=4) are lighter than air (average Mw=28.8). liquids are much denser than gases because the molecules are much more tightly packed. For example the density of liquid hydrogen is around 68 kg/m3 compared to air at about 1.3 kg/m3.
That’s why liquid hydrogen doesn’t float in air. The density of liquid nitrogen (a close approximation to liquid air) is about 800 kg/m3 so liquid hydrogen would float on liquid air. There must be a gas that super light than Hydrogen and helium and cant not be liquid . What you think , make some brain storming Idea and let us find the lightest gas in the universe beside Donald Trump .
Thank you for reading.
Steve Ramsey, PhD. Calgary, Alberta.